个人信息的双重属性与行为主义规制

个人信息的法律保护依赖于公法对个人信息的定位。在公法与公法理论上,有两种看待个人信息的观点。一种观点认为个人信息权是一种基本权利,个人信息应当受到法律的确权保护;另一种观点则将个人信息视为他人言论自由的对象,个人信息的自由获取与使用受到法律保护。但这两种观点都无法从整体上理解个人信息,个人信息权的观点忽视了个人信息的自由流通属性与公共属性,而个人信息作为言论自由对象的观点则忽视了个人信息背后的多重权益。个人信息兼具个体属性与社会流通属性,应当确立一种"个人信息相关权益被保护权"。从个人信息的双重属性出发,个人信息保护应当在具体场景中确立个人信息收集与利用行为的合理边界。基于场景的行为主义规制更为符合个人信息保护的根本特征,也将为中国的个人信息保护提供一条超越欧美的中国道路。

The Dual Attributes of Personal Information and Behaviorism Regulation

The legal protection of personal information depends on the nature of personal information in public law.There are two approaches to personal information in public law and public law theory. The first approach views personal information right as basic right and personal information should be protected by law;the second approach views personal information as the object of other people’s freedom of speech, and the free access and use of personal information should be protected by law. But these two approaches can not construe personal information as a whole. The approach of personal information rights ignores the free circulation and public attributes of personal information, while the approach of personal information as the object of freedom of speech ignores the multiple rights and interests behind personal information. Personal information has both individual attributes and social circulation attributes. Starting from the dual attributes of personal information,the protection of personal information should adopt context-based behaviorism regulation, that is, to establish a reasonable boundary for the collection and utilization of personal information in specific context. Contextbased behaviorist regulation is more in line with the fundamental characteristics of personal information protection, and will also provide a Chinese road beyond Europe and the United States for personal information protection in China.