美国《犯罪被害人权利法》扩张适用及其启示

《犯罪被害人权利法》标志着美国犯罪被害人保护立法达到了顶峰,但是环境犯罪被害人的出现使该法的适用引起了争议。反对者的主要理由是基于审判程序的复杂性、被害人的难以确定性和媒体报道所导致的不公正性,然而,支持者认为适用该法不仅不会导致审判程序复杂化,而且能够合理地保护环境犯罪被害人的权利并保证审判的公正性。引起争论的深层原因在于环境犯罪被害人的特殊性。美国《犯罪被害人权利法》的扩张适用对我国环境犯罪被害人的保护具有启发意义。首先是扩展传统犯罪被害人的定义;其次是保障环境犯罪被害人的刑事诉权;最后是完善环境犯罪被害人的救济制度。

The Extensive Application of Crime Victims' Rights Act and Its Inspiration

The Crime Victims' Rights Act marks that legislative protection of victims of crime in the U. S.reached its peak,but the emergence of victims of environmental crime makes the application more controversial. The main arguements of opponents are the complexity of the proceedings,the hardship of finding victims and the injustice caused by media coverage. But supporters believe that the application of this law causes no complexity of the proceedings and can reasonably realize victims' rights as well as guarantee trial impartiality.The underlying reason for the argument is the specialty of victims of environmental crime. The extensive application of Crime Victims' Rights Act is inspiring for victims' protection of environmental crime in China. First,expand the traditional definition of victim; Second,guarantee the victims' right of environmental crime; Finally,improve relief system of victims of environmental crime.