中国城市社区居家养老服务模式比较研究——基于南京、大连、宁波、上海和兰州的分析

目前中国已进入老龄化社会,养老成为了一个社会问题。家庭养老和机构养老等方式已经不能满足老年人日益增长的需求,社区居家养老呈现了一定的优势。南京、大连、上海、宁波、兰州五个城市都在社区中开展了居家养老服务,但运行模式不尽相同,政府、社区、社会组织也有着不同的定位和分工。居家养老服务供给模式主要有三种:政府主办、层级联动,政府主导、中介运作,政府购买、民间组织承办。每种模式都各有利弊,只有明确参与各方的定位,动员社会力量参与,才能保证社区居家养老服务的效率和质量。

The Comparative Research of Service for Aged at Home in Chinese Cities---The Analysis Based on Nanjing,Dalian, Ningbo,Shanghai and Lanzhou

Nowadays China has entered the aging society, providing for the aged becomes a social problem. With the miniaturiza-tion of family and the raising of average lifetime, the family and institution can ’t satisfy the needs of all the elderly, in this situation, the advantages of service for aged at home appears. The communities in Nanjing, Dalian, Shanghai, Ningbo, Lanzhou were chosen to de-scribe different models of service for aged at home, the government, communities and social organizations have different positions and labors in different models. According to the research, there are there models：the government as the leader undertakes the main responsi-bilities; the government as the leader, the intermediary organizations to do the jobs; the government buys the services which are offered by the social organizations. All the models have advantages and disadvantages, making all the positions cleanly and encouraging the so-cial organizations to join in, which will be good for the qualities and efficiencies of community endowment service.