无罪推定与刑事诉讼中的"国家权力哲学"

贝卡里亚在社会契约论基础上第一次提出了无罪推定原则,其主旨在于反对封建刑事诉讼制度中对被告人的刑讯———这一合法暴行。随着人类社会民主、法治进程的发展,无罪推定的内涵在不断拓展。无罪推定原则为我们提供了研究刑事诉讼制度的宝贵路径,即应如何把握刑事诉讼中国家权力与公民权利的结构性关系。现代刑事诉讼中国家权力应遵循的“哲学”是:国家权力的谦抑性、以权力制约权力、以权利制约权力及国家机关对权利主体的诉讼关照。无罪推定的宪法化与国际化趋势,进一步说明了这一原则在现代刑事诉讼中不可动摇的核心地位。

Presumption of Innocent Doctrine and “Philosophy of State Power”in Criminal Procedure

The doctrine of the presumption of innocent mainly aimed at denying torture to the suspected on the theory of social contract , when it was first put forward . With the development of the law, the doctrine has been given more meaning. The doctrine provides the philosophy of the state power , or the relationship between the state power and the civil right in the criminal procedure. The trend of constitutionalizing and internationalizing further illustrates the essential position of the doctrine.