处于多重语境中的民事责任能力

私法范畴的民事责任能力不是一个内涵统一的概念。本文运用语境分析的方法,揭示出处于惩罚语境、责任构成语境、后果承担语境中的民事责任能力概念的不同内涵。每一种语境都有自己的表达需求。民事责任能力概念成了稀缺资源,供不应求。无论哪个语境垄断民事责任能力概念,都将造成其他语境的表达困难。学者们围绕民事责任能力产生的很多争论实质是不同语境中的话语权之争。解决话语权之争的途径是:在不同的语境下使用不同的概念来防止歧义。

The Capacity for Civil Liability in Multiple Contexts

The capacity for civil liability in the category of private law is not a concept with coherent connotations.This article sets out to reveal the different connotations of the concept of the capacity for civil liability in punitive contexts,liability formulating context and consequence-bearing contexts,by application of the context analysis method.Each context has its own need of expression.The concept of capacity for civil liability becomes a rare resource that is short of supply.The monopoly of capacity for civil liability by any context shall create difficulties for the expressions of other contexts.The debates by the scholars over the capacity for civil liability are actually debates over the right of discourse in the different contexts.And the way to address the debates over the right of discourse lies in the proper use of different concepts in different contexts so as to prevent confusion.