政府改革困境的制度结构性视角分析

目前,政府改革已成为我国经济改革和社会改革的关键,迫切需要我们深刻把握政府改革的规律.然而在现实中,政府改革面临着严重的实施困难,政府职能转变与政府机构改革双重不到位.从"国家悖论"与"政府失灵"理论出发,一般认为,政府改革面临的困境往往是由于政府制度变迁中制度供给主体缺失造成的,在理论上形成了难以深入分析的死结,也无助于政府改革的推进.认为,政府的角色冲突不是政府改革困境的根源和本质,而只是在考虑整体制度间均衡时的结果,忽略了政府的结构性特征;借鉴了公共管理理论中的政治家-官僚分析范式,以结构性分析的思路为主线,拓展了政府改革的两方博弈框架.从而认为政府改革困境的本质是政治家与官僚间在政府改革中的目标冲突与信息不对称;并分析了阻碍政府改革顺利推进的路径依赖效应与改革激励不足的问题.指出,要打破政府改革面临的困境,可以从改革的社会沟通与激励,财政约束,官僚机构的偏好与理念,以及全面长效监督等方面着手.

Institutional Structural Analysis of Government Reform Paradox

At present, government reform has become the key of China's economic and social reforms and it is urgent to grasp the rules of reforms. However, in reality, government reforms are facing serious implementation difficulties, such as that the transformation of government functions and the reform of government institutions are not in place. In the theories of "State Paradox" and "government failure", it is generally believed that the difficulties of government reforms often results from the absence of institution supply, which blocks in-depth analysis and China's government reform. This paper holds that government's role conflict is not the cause of government reform dilemma, but the structural characteristics of government are neglected when considering the results of the integral balance among institutions. In this paper, a game framework of government reform is developed under politician-bureaucrat analysis paradigm and it is argued that the essence of government reform dilemma is the goal conflict and asymmetric information between politicians and bureaucrats. In addition, the path-dependent effect and the lack of reform encourage are explored. Finally, this paper points out that, in order to break through government reform dilemma, it is necessary to take social communication and motivation, financial constraints, bureaucratic preference and comprehensive long-term supervision into consideration.