法经济学在立法中的应用审视——主流的经济分析法学之批判

新古典经济学侧重的是私人领域,探究的是既定社会制度下的个体行为,它通过供求关系的分析来剖析现状产生的原因,不但具有强烈的建构性,而且也表现出为现状辩护的特点;相反,法律制度则属于公共领域的课题,它所规定的是人们的应得权利,要体现社会正义和人本关怀,从而本质上应该是演化的和关怀弱者利益的。正因如此,法律制度不应只是体现力量的较量和博弈,对它的分析也不能仅仅用基于供求的收益—成本范式,而是要遵循从本质到现象的分析路线;特别是,由于我国社会制度和市场机制依旧很不健全,还不存在私利和公益自然和谐一致的制度基础,因而简单地搬用相对成熟市场下解决私人领域的新古典经济学范式来探究市场很不完善下的社会制度问题,就不可避免地导致囚徒困境泛滥。因此,我们在应用新古典经济学分析范式来解释尤其是在完善或设计法律制度时就必须非常慎重。

The Law and Economics in the Legislation from the Application Perspective——the Criticism of the Mainstream Economic Analysis of the Law

The classic economics studies on the private sphere,exploring the individual behaviors in the given social institution.This theory expounds the cause of the status quo by analyzing the demand-supply relationship,bearing the features of intensive constructivism and that of defending the status quo.By contrast,the legal system takes the pubic sphere as the subject,regulating people's duerights and indicating the social justice and humanistic concerns.As such,the legal system in essence is evolutionary and social inferior concern-oriented.It is concluded that the legal system can not be analyzed only as an indication of the competition and game of power,neither just as a cost and benefit model based on the demand-supply relationship,but rather should comply with the analysis approach from nature to phenomenon.In particulat,due to the imperfection of the social institution and market mechanism in our country,there is no system basis for the harmonious unity of the private interests and public benefits.Therefore,in the exploration of the social institution issues in the imperfect market,the prisoner's dilemma will inevitably and abusively occur by simply copying the new classic economics model,which is applied in private sphere in the relatively mature market.It is suggested that special prudence shall be of need to apply the new classic economics model to interpret and in particular to perfect and design the legal system.