惩罚吸毒的根据——《禁毒法》(草案)引发的思考

国内法学界目前在对吸毒行为如何定性问题上有三种观点相持不下,焦点是吸毒的犯罪化与非犯罪化或者说是吸毒的合法化与非法化的问题。是否将吸毒犯罪化,涉及吸毒者是否应当受到刑罚、惩罚的对象以及应当受什么惩罚等问题。关于法律惩罚正当性的论证,既有报应主义和功利主义两种思路,又有强调个人自由的古典自由主义以及强调国家利益和社会利益的国家—社群主义两种立场。前者注重吸毒对社会法益的侵害,后者则关注公民反毒意识的形成。

Justification for Punishing Drug-taking: A Reflection on the Draft of Anti-Drug Law

Having disputed over the legislation of anti-drug law,in recent years,the academe of China has three standpoints about the illegality of drug-taking.Whether drug-taking is criminal or not involves the questions such as whether or not drug addict should be penalized,who shall be punished as well as what sort of punishment should be exercised.In regard to the arguments for the legal punishment,there exist not only two ideologies,namely revengism and utilitarianism;but also two standpoints: one is classical liberalism which puts emphasis on individual's liberty;another is state communalism which pays more attention to the national and social interests.The former keeps an eye on the infringement of social legal interests,while the latter tries to arouse the public awareness of anti-drugs.