论我国劳动争议处理制度的重构

劳动争议处理制度具有独特的程序价值,应当体现促进劳动关系和谐的精神,有助于释放争议劳动关系中的紧张因素,公正、及时地化解劳动争议,降低当事人耗费和社会成本,强化处理过程及结果的定纷止争功能和积极导向作用。我国现行“先裁后审模式”和学者建议的“单一机构处理模式”不足以实现上述目的,有必要重新构建,即实行“或裁或审、裁审自择、两裁终局、两审终审”的制度;设置三级两裁的劳动争议仲裁体系,落实“三方原则”,加强仲裁机构“实体化”建设;在人民法院内部设立专门的劳动法庭,并对劳动争议诉讼时效、当事人等制度进行改造。

On Reconstructing the Labor Dispute Resolution System in China

One of the peculiar procedural values of labor dispute resolutions lies in its relaxing of labor relations,fairly and timely resolving labor disputes,reducing the parties' expenses and social cost,hastening the resolving process and accomplishing a satisfactory result.Unfortunately,both the existing labor-dispute-resolution regime in China,i.e."arbitration goes before litigation" and the proposal "single institute for the resolution of disputes," put forward by academics,cannot accomplish such a task.Thus,a new system should be established that advocates alternate choice of arbitration or litigation by the parties and provides that no matter what arbitration or litigation is chosen,only one appeal is permitted,namely,the first appeal against the award or judgment shall be the last resort of the parties.As for the arbitration,in the hierarchy of labor arbitral tribunals,three grades shall be established.And a "Tri-parties Principle" should be applied to substantially promote the establishment of the arbitral system.As to litigation,we should set special labor divisions in the people's courts and modify the provisions concerning the limitation and the litigants in the labor action.