我国未来民法典中应当设立优先权制度

优先权制度起源于罗马法,近代民法以法国民法典为代表的立法中规定有较为完备的优先权制度。而以德国民法典为代表的立法中虽未设优先权制度,但从功能比较的角度考察,其立法中有禁止扣押、清偿顺序、法定质权等替代制度。相较于这些替代制度,优先权制度能够更为合理地解释特种债权优先受偿的理论基础;有利于强化对特种债权的保护;有利于立法的体系化及立法资源的节约;有利于灵活、有效地实现特定立法政策和目标。此外,优先权制度还可填补现行法之缺漏,并与我国现行法及法学思想兼容。因此我国未来民法典中应当建立完整的优先权制度。

Priority Right Should Be Established in China's Future Civil Code

The system of Priority came from the Roman law. It is regulated at length in the Civil Code of French. Although priority is not regulated in the Civil Code of German, there are substitutes systems such as forbidden detain, discharge order and so on. Compared with these substitute systems, priority can explain the theory foundation more reasonably, strengthen the protection of the special creditors, save the property of legislation and carry out special legislation policy more conveniently. So we should establish the system of priority in our future Civil Code.