文化冷战与华侨华人:美国对东南亚华侨华人的宣传渗透

美国在冷战时期对华侨华人的文化冷战是冷战国际史学界最新的一个研究领域,是美国对外宣传史、华侨华人史、中美关系史三个领域交叉的产物。美国对华侨华人的文化冷战经历了从中国政策向东南亚政策的转变,以香港美国新闻处为核心宣传机构实行遥控指挥,并把《今日世界》杂志为代表的书刊纸媒作为主要传媒手段。美国对华侨华人文化冷战的主题和项目主要集中在四个方面:利用传统文化促进台湾声誉,利用文学作品进行反共宣传,用华裔美国人的形象宣传美国价值观,和台湾合作与中国大陆争夺侨生教育。美国对华侨华人的宣传主要并不集中在对政治、外交事件和美国政策的报道和阐释上,而是把重点投注在意识形态、价值观和情感的塑造上,其根本观念以及核心的宣传思路是直接诉诸塑造华人身份认同,把冷战意识形态建构为华侨华人身份认同的一部分,此举于今仍有影响。研究美国对华侨华人的文化冷战,对认识和理解当前的中美关系和大国竞争态势可以提供一定的镜鉴。

Cultural Cold War and Overseas Chinese:American Propaganda toward Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia

The Studies on U.S.Cultural Cold War toward overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia is a crossing field and a frontier domain.At the policy level,there was a fundamental shift of the U.S.overseas Chinese policy out of the realm of China policy and into the realm of U.S.-SEA relations.And at the operational level,there were four propaganda themes and projects:traditional Chinese cultures as a method to contributing to Taiwan’s prestige;Chinese novels as anti-communist psychological warfare weapons;Chinese American’s American Dream as an positive image of selling the U.S.;fighting for control on Overseas Chinese education.The core essence of the Cultural Cold war were ideas shaping and identities constructing,and one of the most important consequence was constructing Cold War ideologies as Chinese National Identities,which still matters today.This study is expected to be useful to Sino-American relations today.