法治政府建设中依法行政的效用考察——基于100个城市的拆迁行政诉讼的实证分析

法治政府是依法治国的关键，但是目前学界对法治政府的实践效果尚存在一定的疑虑。本文采用了2014-2018年中国100个地级市的三组时间序列数据，基于加权最小二乘法回归，对法治政府建设的核心要义--依法行政的实践效果进行了检验。主要实证结果如下：一方面，法治政府建设在整体上可以显著提升地方政府的依法行政水平。另一方面，由于激励扭曲等情况，社会矛盾化解与行政争议解决、行政执法、监督与问责等理论上可以提升依法行政水平的具体措施甚至会在短时间内起到反作用；实证结果进一步指出了具体措施的类型。实证结果具有一定程度的代表性。在未来的法治建设中，需要针对性地给出立足现实的政策。这项研究在实证层面进一步厘清了法治政府建设的实践效用。

Practical Effects of Administration by Law in the Construction of theLaw-based Government: An Investigation of AdministrativeDemolition Litigation in 100 Chinese Cities

The construction of the law-based government is the key to the rule of law in China. But, scholars still have some doubts about the effectiveness of the law-based government in practice. This article traces and analyzes the three sets of time-series data from 100 Chinese cities between 2014 and 2018 by using weighted least squares and finds two-fold results of the administration by law which is the core of the law-based government. On the one hand, the construction of the rule of law government can significantly improve the level of local government administration according to law. On the other hand, due to the distortion of incentives, the specific measures that can theoretically improve the level of administration according to law, such as resolving social contradictions and resolving administrative disputes, administrative law enforcement, supervision and accountability, will even have a negative effect in a short time. The empirical results further point out the types of specific measures. The empirical results are representative to a certain extent. In the future, the construction of the rule of law requires precise, reality-based policies. This study further clarifies the effectiveness of the law-based government in practice and contributes to the theoretical discussions on the rule of law in China.