农民问题、生产关系论与中国革命的政治经济学脉络——中国社会性质问题论战的思想和政治动能

本文以1930年前后的中国社会性质问题论战为研究对象,旨在探讨论战内部的脉络及其历史方位,尤其注重论战对于中国革命而言所包含的思想和政治动能。为此,首先分析论战在中国近现代思想史上所处的位置及其特点,继而探讨论战中农民问题何以被确定为革命的核心问题,进而阐述由生产关系论所引出的土地革命展开的可能性,最后分析部分论者如何从“不平衡发展规律”入手确定了革命的社会主义前途。总之,中国社会性质问题论战对中国革命的目标、内容、方式、前途等作出了系统的学理论证,提供了一条清晰的政治经济学脉络。

Peasants,the Theory of Productive Relations,and the Chinese Revolution in the Context of the Political Economy:Ideological and Political Momentum in the Debate on Issues Related to the Nature of Chinese Society

This article,focusing on the debate on issues related to the nature of Chinese society in about 1930,seeks to discuss the internal and historical momentum behind the debate,with particular emphasis on the controversy over the ideological and political motivations for the Chinese revolution.To this end,the article first analyzes the place and the characteristics of the debate in modern Chinese ideological history,and,second,it discusses why within the debate the peasant issue was confirmed as the core issue of the revolution.The article then elaborates on the possibilities presented by the theory of productive relations for the development of the agrarian revolution,and finally it analyzes how some of the participants in the debate determined the future of revolutionary socialism based on the law of unbalanced development.In short,the debate over the nature of Chinese society provides systematic academic proof of the goals,content,methods,and future of the Chinese revolution within the context of the political economy.