论生态环境的刑法保护问题

在我国，运用刑法手段保护生态环境所涉及的理论问题在于对结果犯与危险犯的抉择。目前立法对污染环境的犯罪采用结果犯，处罚不力；将其从结果犯转变为危险犯，应提上立法日程。对于重大环境污染事故罪主观方面的不同认识，表明补充修订该条款具有必要性。单位环境犯罪方面存在的实务问题是大小单位处罚上不平等，以及混淆行政处罚与刑事处罚；针对之，本文提出相应对策。

On the Protection of Ecological Environment by Means of Criminal Law

In China, the ecological environment protection by means of Criminal Law involves the theoretical issue of the choice between Gef a ..hrdungsdelikte (potential damage offence) and Erfolgsdelikte (consequential offence). We now adopt the latter in legislation, which is far from being sufficient to punish the crimes against the ecological environment; hence the adoption of Gefahrdungsdelikte is to be put on the legislative agenda. Different understandings of the mens rea of the crime of major environmental pollution accident (Article 338 of the Penal Code of P.R.C. ) demonstrate the need to amend the article. The author devises countermeasures to deal with the present situation of the inequality of punishment between big and small enterprises, and the confusion of administrative penalty and criminal punishment.