区分加重构成与量刑规则——罪量加重构成概念之提倡

法定刑升格条件确有区分加重构成与量刑规则的必要。不具备违法推定机能、不是故意认识内容的首要分子、作为报酬的违法所得等升格条件是典型的量刑规则;具备犯罪个别化、违法性推定与故意规制三大机能的时间地点、行为方式、加重结果等升格条件是典型的(罪体)加重构成要素;而多次、数额巨大等升格条件,仅表征违法程度、不体现行为类型变异,虽是故意的认识内容,却无法发挥犯罪个别化机能,既非典型的加重构成要素,也非典型的量刑规则,应属于罪量加重构成要素。罪量加重构成有行为规模类与结果程度类之分,结果程度类罪量加重构成是基于基本犯结果的危险性而加重刑罚的,当基本犯未遂时,即丧失加重之依据,不能论以加重犯的未遂犯。情节严重作为升格条件,则应当根据具体化的情节事实,依据上述标准判断各具体事项的归属。

Distinguishing between Aggravating Conditions and Sentencing Rules

The statutory sentencing aggregation could be divided into aggravating condition and sentencing rule.Sentencing rules include certain chief culprit,and illegal income.Aggravating conditions would consider the time and location of behavior,among others.The conditions,such as frequency and the varying amount,are not typical aggregating conditions or sentencing rules.Both behavior and result should be considered.When the essential offense is an attempted crime,which has lost aggravating reason,it should not be considered that an attempted crime of aggravated crime is established.As for the term "serious",if legislation or judicial interpretations have specific provisions,these provisions should be applied.