气候政策立场的国内经济基础——对欧盟成员国生态产业发展的比较分析

由于气候变化问题本身所具有的全球性特征,应对气候变化的技术革新及市场化所形成的生态产业对于一国未来发展潜力及经济地位无疑具有非常重要的影响。一个国家生态产业的力量越强,则越倾向于采取积极的气候政策,其参与国际气候谈判的立场也越积极与超前。本文通过对欧盟15个成员国生态产业和气候政策立场的分析考察证实,生态产业实力较强的德国、奥地利、荷兰一直是欧盟气候变化政策的积极"领导者",而生态产业实力相对较弱的西班牙、葡萄牙、希腊和爱尔兰是欧盟气候政策的"拖后腿者",处于中间地位的英国、意大利、比利时、丹麦、卢森堡总体上政策立场趋于积极,法国、芬兰、瑞典情况复杂。因此,本文认为,生态产业实力的大小是决定欧盟成员国气候政策及其参与国际气候治理立场的重要因素。

Domestic Economics Foundation of National Climate Policy and Position: A Comparative Analysis on Eco-industries of EU Member States

The technological innovations in response to global climate change and its marketable success will create eco-industries,which impact significantly the future development and position of a nation state in the world since the issue of climate change itself possesses a global dimension.Under such circumstances,the pioneer countries with strict climate policies will gain competitive advantages.The stronger the eco-industries of a country,the more proactive and ambitious it will be towards its climate policy,which is the case of the 15 EU Member States.Germany,Austria and the Netherlands with the stronger eco-industries play the leadership in the European climate policy while Spain,Portugal,Greece and Ireland with the relative weaker eco-industries become the laggards.The United Kingdom,Italy,Belgium,Denmark and Luxembourg who lie in the medium of the spectrum tend to take active policies while the situations in France,Finland and Sweden are somewhat more complex.The scale and strength of the eco-industry is one of the most important factors affecting and determining the climate policies and positions of a state towards international climate governance.