被遗忘权立法的美国模式及其立法启示——以加州被遗忘权立法为研究背景

“被遗忘权”是大数据时代个人信息删除制度的立法新发展。美国并不赞同欧盟模式的被遗忘权。加利福尼亚州立足美国法制传统构建了一个体现美国利益需求的被遗忘权。加州立法从维护个人发展权意义上建构未成年人的被遗忘权,以数据最小化原则为基础,建构适用于消费者与企业之间数据处理的被遗忘权,赋予个人删除本人发布的个人信息的权利,同时规定了一系列删除信息的例外,较好地协调了被遗忘权与言论自由和信息经济发展的矛盾。加州立法已成为美国个人信息保护立法的典范。未来,美国可能以加州模式为模板构建媲美欧盟被遗忘权的个人信息删除制度。加州对被遗忘权制度的取舍对我国《个人信息保护法》第47条的理解与适用具有启示意义。

The US-Style Legislation of the Right to Be Forgotten and Its Legislation Enlightenment—Based on the Legislation of the Right to Be Forgotten in California

“The right to be forgotten”indicates a new legislation development of the deletion of personal information in the big data era.However,the United States does not agree with the EU-style right to be forgotten.Based on the American legal tradition,Californias has built a system of right to be forgotten that reflects the needs of American interests.Californias legislation constructs the right to be forgotten of minors in the sense of safeguarding the right to development,and constructs the right to be forgotten applicable to data processing between consumers and enterprises based on the principle of data minimization,so it gives individuals the right to delete personal information published by themselves,and it still stipulates a series of exceptions of deletion.It has better coordinated the contradiction between the right to be forgotten and freedom of speech and the development of information economy.Californias legislation has become a model on personal information protection in the United States.In the future,the United States may use the California model as a template to build a personal information deletion system comparable to the EU's right to be forgotten.California's choice of the right to be forgotten system has enlightenment significance for the understanding and application of Article 47 of China's personal information protection law.