刑法条文理解与适用的证据法学向度

刑法条文的解释不能仅仅局限于单纯刑法学范畴,对有些刑法条文的理解需要结合证据法学的相关内容来思考其含义和适用规则。基于此,认为在犯罪之间设立界限和区分标准不利于犯罪认定的观点,是对证据法裁判原则存在误解的表现。污染环境罪、滥用职权罪与玩忽职守罪等犯罪的主观罪过形式应同时包含故意和过失,其目的是为了解决主观要件的证明困难问题。不能依据犯罪论体系的推定机能将正当防卫的证明责任交由被告方承担,证明责任的分配应主要依据刑事诉讼法的相关内容来确定。对于《刑法》第238、247、289、292条等存在法律拟制和注意规定之争的法条,如果从证据法学角度将其理解为刑事推定,可以克服法律拟制说和注意规定说的缺陷。

Understanding and Application of the Criminal Law Provisions from the Perspective of Evidence Law

Interpretation of the provisions of Criminal Law cannot be limited to the scope of Criminal Law alone.The understanding of some Criminal Law provisions needs to be combined with the relevant content of evidence law to think about the meaning and applicable rules.Based on this,the viewpoint that establishment of boundaries and distinction criteria between crimes is not conducive to the identification of crimes is a manifestation of misunderstanding of the principle of evidence law.The subjective offences of pollution of the environment,abuse of power and dereliction of duty should include both intentional and negligent offences.The purpose is to solve the problem that it is difficult to distinguish indulgent intent from credulous negligence in judicial practice.The burden of proof of justifiable defense cannot be entrusted to the defendant according to the presumptive function of the theory of crime.The distribution of burden of proof should be determined mainly on the basis of the relevant content of Criminal Procedure Law.Articles238,247,289 and 292 of the Criminal Law,which have disputed over legal fiction and attentive provisions can be interpreted as criminal presumption from the perspective of evidence law to overcome the defects of the doctrine of legal fiction and attentive provisions.