美国行政解释的司法审查标准——谢弗林案之后的发展

1984年,美国联邦最高法院通过判例确立了对行政机关的法律解释予以司法尊重的谢弗林原则。在之后二十多年里,这一原则经历了诸多发展变化,其核心是最高法院的法律解释方法。在对谢弗林案之后的相关判例和法官的法律解释方法进行考察的基础上,分析司法尊重标准对行政机关可能产生的影响以及行政机关和国会对此的回应,可以发现,行政和立法分支应当在法律解释和适用的过程中发挥更大的作用。

Judicial Review Standard of American Administrative Interpretation——Development after Shefrin Case

In 1984, the Shefrin Principle which gives judicial deference to administrative organs’ legal interpretation was established by the Supreme Court of the United States through legal precedents. During the 20 years after that, this principle experienced a lot of development and changes, the core of which is the legal interpretation method of the Supreme Court. Based on the investigation of related legal precedents and judges’ legal interpretation methods after Shefrin case, this article analyzes the possible influence of judicial deference standard on administrative organs and the responses of administrative organs as well as the Congress, pointing out that the administrative and the legislative branches should play a greater role in legal interpretation and application.