推定与相反推理以及相互强度关系

推定是以规则形式预设事实或事实关系，在不充分确信的认知状态下，以不准反驳或者因异议方不能达到一定程度的反驳，而武断确认预设有效的方法。推定在证据学上的主要逻辑问题是，推定的强度以及相反推定的强度应变关系。推定可以分为绝对推定（拒绝相反推理，具有最高强度）、相对推定（不能拒绝相反推理）。相对推定又可分为：非常优势推定、显著优势推定、起步推定和姑且推定，这一顺序的推定，强度依次降低。

Presumption,Opposite Presumption and the Relationship of Their Intensities

Presumption is the way which provides the facts or the relationships of facts in advance by the form of rules. We arbitrarily confirm the provisions＇are effective on condition that we can＇t surely cognize the fact and the opposite party is not allowed to refute or his refutation can not reach certain degree. The main logical problem of presumption in science of evidence is the intensity of presumption and the relationship of intensity between presumption and opposite presumption. The presumption can be divided into absolute presumption（refusing the opposite presumption, having the most intensity） and comparative presumption（ can＇t refusing opposite presumption）. Then comparative presumption can be divided into mostly predominate presumption, predominate presumption, initial presumption and tentative presumption. And the intensity of presumptions in this order reduces gradually.