国际私法条约解释的路径依赖与方法展开

国际条约的文本制订及其为当事国接受仅实现了条约的形式统一,而条约的实质统一则需要通过一致解释和适用来达致。国际公法条约解释更多针对的是国家的权利和义务,而国际私法条约解释更多关涉的是私人的权利和义务,且没有相应的管辖国际私法条约的国际争议解决机构,故存在当事国解释的多样性风险。国际私法条约解释在路径上依赖条约解释的习惯法规则的同时,必须坚持自洽性和统一性解释要求。当事国在司法实践中对国际私法条约的解释,倾向于采用约文解释和目的解释方法,要求法官学会自我克制和比较借鉴,使用补充资料作为辅助手段,同时处理好多种约文文本和公共政策条款的解释问题。

The Path Dependence and the Methods Development of Interpreting International Private Law Treaties

Treaty text in international treaty for unification of private law and its acceptance by the parties only obtains formal unity of the treaty,butsubstantial unity of the treaty shall be completedby the parties ' court through the consistent interpretation and application. The international treaty for unification of private law is more concerned with the rights and obligations of private parties,therefore,it is mainly interpretedby domestic court or arbitration body,and the individual case is submitted to the international judicial body to interpret. Interpretation of the international treaty for unification of private law must adhere to the unity of interpretation and the autonomy ofexplanation,and in principle,follow the general rule of treaty interpretation in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. In judicial practice, there are mainly three interpretation methods, such as textual interpretation,teleologicalinterpretation and supplementary interpretation. There is no absolute level of the points in above interpretation methodsas regards the technology of interpretation. It is also necessary to handle with other issues,such as the interpretation under varioustreaty texts and the interpretation of public policy provisions.