认罪认罚从宽制度实施中的五个矛盾及其化解

认罪认罚从宽制度在实施过程中暴露出以下五个矛盾:一是认罪认罚的自愿性前提与压制型法之间的矛盾,二是认罪认罚从宽的合意基础与实体真实原则之间的矛盾,三是不规范的从宽处罚与刑事法基本原则之间的矛盾,四是“检察官司法”与法官中立裁判原则之间的矛盾,五是简化、速决的一审程序与续审制的上诉审构造之间的矛盾。出现这五个矛盾的原因在于,作为认罪认罚从宽制度运行环境的基础性诉讼制度不健全,认罪认罚从宽制度的设计缺乏系统思维和整体考虑,相关的配套措施不完善。要化解上述矛盾,必须深入推进以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革,努力提高刑事程序正当化水平;进一步完善认罪认罚从宽制度,健全公正与效率总体平衡的制度规范体系;完善相关配套措施,确保不因追求司法效率而损害司法的基本公正。

Five Contradictions in the Implementation of the System of Leniency based on Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishment and the Solutions

Five contradictions arise from the implementation process of the system of leniency based on pleading guilty and accepting punishment:the first one is the contradiction between the voluntariness as a precondition and the obedience required by the law;the second one is the contradiction between the basis of agreement on pleading guilty and accepting punishment and the principle of substantive truth;the third one is the contradiction between non-normative leniency and the fundamental principles of criminal law;the fourth one is the contradiction between the prosecutorial adjudication and the principle of impartial judgment of the judge;the fifth one is the contradiction between the simplified and summary procedure of first instance and the structure of appellant trial of the subsequent trial system.The reasons include imperfect basic litigation system as the environment in which the system of leniency based on pleading guilty and accepting punishment operates,lack of systematic train of thought and comprehensive consideration in the design of the system of leniency based on pleading guilty and accepting punishment,and insufficient supporting measures.For resolving these contradictions,we must promote the trial-centered reform of criminal procedural system to improve due process of criminal proceedings,further improve the system of leniency based on pleading guilty and accepting punishment to develop a normative system with an overall balance between justice and efficiency,improve relevant supporting measures to ensure that the basic fairness may not be compromised by efficiency.