同业监督法律制度建构:正当性、属性及其边界

同业监督克服了产品信息不对称障碍,对于保护消费者合法权益、维护市场竞争秩序、提高产品质量水平有着独特作用,这是建构产品质量同业监督法律制度的正当性基础。我国法确立了产品质量国家监督、消费者监督和社会监督三元监督体系。无论是从宪法渊源看还是从法律渊源看,我国并未明确肯定同业监督,亦未明确禁止同业监督,而是将其蕴含在社会监督之中。同业监督权不属于国家公权,亦不属于企业私权,而是属于社会性权利。同业监督权极易被滥用并异化为商业诋毁手段,从而危害市场竞争秩序。我国要通过法律制度创新明确同业监督的合法性,通过修改我国《产品质量法》、我国《反不正当竞争法》、我国《消费者权益保护法》构建同业监督规范体系。

On the Establishment of the Legal System on Peer Supervision:Legitimacy,Attributes and Boundaries

Peer supervision overcomes the barriers of product information asymmetry,and plays a unique role in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers,maintaining market competition order,and improving product quality,which are the legitimacy foundation for the establishment of a legal system on peer supervision of product quality.The legislation of China has established a ternary supervision system for product quality,namely state supervision,consumer supervision and social supervision.However,both from the perspective of Constitution and laws,there is no clear approval or express ban on peer supervision,which is included in the social supervision.The right of peer supervision does not belong to the public power of the state or the private right of enterprises,but a societal right.The right of peer supervision is easily abused by becoming a tool of commercial slander,thus endangering the market competition order.China should clarify the legitimacy of peer supervision through the innovation of legal system,and build a normative system on peer supervision by revising the Product Quality Law,Anti-Unfair Competition Law and Consumer Rights Protection Law.