论规范性文件备案审查结果的溯及力

目前,我国缺乏关于规范性文件备案审查结果溯及力的法律规定,理论上对备案审查结果是否有溯及力等问题也有争议。《全国人大常委会备案审查工作规范(征求意见稿)》规定被撤销的法规嗣后无效,被要求修改或废止的司法解释自议案通过之日起停止施行。此种规定与理论界的认知存在着较大差异,正式通过的《法规、司法解释备案审查工作办法》则取消了有关溯及力的内容。备案审查结果的溯及力涉及法的一致性、法的安定性、公民和组织的权益、公共利益、信赖利益等多种法益,需要对这些相互之间关系复杂的法益进行综合的衡量。在我国,构建规范性文件备案审查溯及力制度,应以专门且更高级别的文件规定备案审查结果的溯及力问题,对立法性文件和司法解释实行备案审查决定上的无差别适用。与此同时,应在衡量法益的基础上赋予“撤销”和“废止”相同的效果,并对基于无效规范所作的司法裁判及其他行为进行效力区分,还应当在比较规范性文件与其所违反的上位法的生效时间的先后顺序的基础上决定溯及力的起点。

On the Retroactivity of the Result of Recording and Reviewing the Normative Document

At present,there is no legal provisions on the retroactivity of the result of recording and reviewing the normative document in China,and there are also theoretical controversies over issues such as whether the recording and reviewing result should have retroactive effect.The Norms for the Recording and Reviewing Work of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress(Draft for Comments)sets forth that the revoked regulation shall be invalid afterwards,and the judicial interpretation required to be amended or repealed shall be suspended as from the date of the passage of the motion,which is largely different from the theoretical understanding.The officially-adopted Measures for the Recording and Reviewing of Regulations and Judicial Interpretations has no such content as retroactivity.The retroactivity of the recording and reviewing result is related to the consistency of laws,the stability of law,the rights and interests of citizens,legal persons and other organizations,public interests,trust interests and other legal interests,therefore,it is necessary to make comprehensive measurement of these complexly-related legal interests.In China,in order to establish the retroactivity system of the result of recording and reviewing the normative document,we should formulate a special and higher-level document on the retroactivity of the recording and reviewing result,and apply the same provision on the recording and review decision to legislative documents and judicial interpretations.At the same time,the"revocation"and"abolition"should be endowed with the same effect on basis of measuring the legal interests,and judicial judgments and other acts made on basis of invalid norms should be distinguished in terms of effectiveness,and the starting point of retroactivity should be determined on basis of comparing the sequence of effectiveness of normative documents and the superior law that they violate.