“一孩半”生育政策的社会性别与社会政策视角分析

文章从社会性别和社会政策视角分析了"一孩半"生育政策出台的背景、目的、带来的问题和解决问题的途径。该政策在中国一半以上的人群中推行,对人们的生育观念和生育行为产生了巨大影响。由于政策与生俱来的性别"短视",也由于该政策与其他相关社会政策的不协调、政策执行过程中的偏误以及配套措施的不完善等缘故,"一孩半"生育政策在某种程度上直接和间接地与出生性别比的失衡相关。在传统的性别观念依旧强烈的广大农村地区,在人们尚不能平等对待男性和女性胎儿的情况下,在社会政策之间的协调性并不充分的前提下,推行"一孩半"生育政策姑息、纵容、甚至在一定程度上强化了人们的性别偏好。解决这一问题应该从梳理、协调、配套相关政策出发,通过对生育政策的改革以及社会性别的宣传教育,进一步完善政策,从而真正达到推行生育政策增进性别平等的初衷。

The "One-and-A-Half Child Policy":An Analysis from the Perspective of Gender and Social Policy

This paper analyzes the background and purposes of the girl-exception birth planning policy(i.e.,if the first child is a daugh-ter,the couple is allowed to have a second birth in rural areas;it is also called the "1.5-child policy"),assesses its unexpected conse-quences,and provides suggestions for dealing with these consequences from the perspectives of gender and social policy.The "1.5-child policy",implemented in over 56 percent of the total population in China,has substantially affected the reproductive...