两性关系、食物需求与私有制的起源--以远古中国为主要参照的再解读

文章认为,两性关系、食物需求与私有制的起源有密切联系。远古社会男女两性比例失调给男女生活带来了难以化解的张力,只是由于食物缺乏、女性尊贵等因素,部落自身才具有自我调节的能力。进入母系社会末期,部落之间为争夺食物发生了大规模战争,女子沦为俘虏,被胜利者当作“财产”加以瓜分,从此成为男子独占的对象。男子为了养活女子,开始寻求更多的属于自己支配的食物和财产,此即人类私有制最初的意义。后来,在相对固定的两性关系下,血缘意识出现,男女关系开始从属于父子关系。这种关系的转变促发了私有财产意义的变换。男子转而将为子女积累更多的财产作为生命追求的目标,财产传承制度由此萌发,并反过来影响了私有财产的逐渐制度化。

Gender Relationship, the Need for Food and the Origin of Private Ownership --Reinterpretation with Reference Mainly to China of Remote Antiquity

According to the author, the relationship between both sexes and the need or demand for food are closely linked with the origin of private ownership. The disproportion in number between men and women in remote antiquity resulted in a tension difficult of relief, and it was only because of the shortage of food, the dearth of the female sex and other factors that tribes had acquired their own self-regulatory capability. By the end of the matriarchal society, massive wars broke out between tribes in their contention for food-wars, in which women were captured and divided up as property among the victors, becoming the monopoly of the males. To support their women men began to seek for more ample food and property for their own disposal, thus causing the beginnings of mankind's private ownership. As the relationship between the two sexes became relatively stable, the blood-relationship awareness appeared and this relationship between men and women began to be subordinated to the relationship between fathers and sons. This change in relationship touched off a change in private property. By then, men began to take the accumulation of property for their womanfolk as their aim of aspiration in life, giving rise to the property succession system, which, in turn, brought the institutionalization of private property gradually to pass.