“乡政村治”治理架构的优化探析

新时期中国“乡政村治”体制是国家在市场经济背景下封农民个人权利承认和保护的制度性承诺，是一种基于市场、民主和法制理念的新的行政管理结构和乡村治理方式，它标志着国家行政权与乡村自治权的相对分离、国家与社会的边界的重新确定，对国家民主建设意义也特别重大。但从实践层面上看，“乡政村治”运行中也暴露了不少矛盾与问题，调整和完善农村治理架构显得刻不容缓。因此，本文着重分析“乡政村治”治理架构下的体制缺憾与运行中存在的偏差，并提出制度完善与体制优化的建议。

The optimization analysis on the structure of ＂township government and villagers self-governance＂

In the new era, the ＂township government and villagers self-governance＂ system as an institutional commitment shows the recognition and the protection of the farmers＇ personal rights set in the market-economy background, which is a new governmental administrative structure and a new rural governance based on the foundation of market, democracy and monocracy concept. It symbolizes the relative separation between the national executive power and the rural autonomous right, redefines the border of a nation and a society, and is quite significant to the national democratic building. However, in the practice of ＂township government and villagers self-governance＂ system, some problems and conflicts are exposed, so the adjustment and completion of the rural government structure seems quite urgent. Therefore, this paper will put the emphasis on the defects of the ＂township government and villagers self-governance＂ system and the discrepancies in the functioning, and the advice on the preliminary completion and optimization of the system will be brought up hereon.