个人信息保护视角下的刑事被遗忘权对应义务研究

信息社会催生出被遗忘权，在刑事司法领域延伸产生了刑事被遗忘权。刑事被遗忘权应受严格限制，研究刑事被遗忘权对应的义务对于理解此种权利有重要意义。刑事被遗忘权对应的义务主体包括刑事诉讼专门机关等国家机关、新闻媒体和社会公众。履行相应义务的法定条件为客观、主观和法律特殊保护等方面的原因使得个人数据的使用不合法或不合理。义务类型包括积极义务和消极义务，其中积极义务以封存和删除为主要内容，消极义务以不采集、不存储、不传递为主要内容。相应义务的履行需遵循特定程序，包括权利主体申请、法院审查与裁判、义务主体履行义务等。为保障义务主体履行对应义务，须设置不履行的违法责任，如民事责任、刑事责任、行政机关及其工作人员的法律责任、国家赔偿责任。

Research on the Corresponding Obligations of Criminal Right to Be Forgottenfrom the Perspective of Personal Information Protection

The information society has spawned the right to be forgotten, and its extension in criminal justice has produced the criminal right to be forgotten. The criminal right to be forgotten should be strictly restricted. The study of the obligation of the criminal right to be forgotten is of great significance for understanding that right. The subjects of the obligation corresponding to the criminal right to be forgotten include the state organs, the news media and the public. The statutory conditions for fulfilling the corresponding obligations refer to making the uses of personal data illegal or unreasonable out of objective or subjective reasons or with the special protection of the law. The types of obligations include positive and negative obligations, in which positive obligations are mainly sealing and deleting data, and negative obligations include refusing to collect, store or transmit data. The performance of the corresponding obligations shall be subject to specific procedures, including the application by the subjects of right, the court review and judgment, and the performance by the subjects of obligation. To ensure that the subjects of obligation fulfill their corresponding obligations, liabilities for violation of law shall be set up for refusing to perform obligations, such as civil liability, criminal liability, legal liability of the administrative organ and its staff, and state compensation liability.