美国联邦禁毒执法机构的演变及其影响力探析——从“联邦麻醉品局”到“联邦缉毒署”

美国毒品控制史可主要分为＂古典时期（Classic Era）＂与＂毒品战争（War on Drugs）＂时期①。＂联邦麻醉品局＂与＂联邦缉毒署＂则是这两个不同毒品控制时代的代表性执法机构,二者既有历史的连带性,又富有特殊的时代特色。不同时期的法理依据及其所处时代的美国内政外交因素在不同程度上左右了二者的地位与影响力变化。联邦禁毒执法机构的历史性演变,一方面显示了美国毒品控制的曲折进程,另一方面也展现了不同时期执法机构存在的必然性以及各自的能动作用。

On the Evolution of U.S.Federal Drug Enforcement Agencies and Their Influences——From the Federal Bureau of Narcotics to the U.S. Federal Drug Enforcement Administeation

The U.S. drug control history may mainly be divided into two periods,namely,the ＂Classic Era＂ and the ＂War on Drugs Era＂.The Federal Bureau of Narcotics and the U.S. Federal Drug Enforcement Administration are respectively the representative law enforcement agencies in these two eras.They have historic associations but vary in the characteristics of the time.The legal basis in different periods,together with domestic and foreign affairs factors in their specific eras,affect the changes in their status and influence in different degrees.The historical evolution of the federal drug enforcement agencies,on one hand reveals the tortuous process of the U.S.drug control,and on the other hand unfolds the inevitable establishment of drug enforcement agencies and the respective dynamic roles they play in different eras.