民事诉讼二审发回重审制度的重新审视——兼评《民事诉讼法修正案》第40条之规定

二审发回重审制度是我国民事诉讼程序的重要组成部分。该制度在司法实践中显现出诉讼效益低、诉讼成本高、两审法院之间组织管理出现矛盾等制度瓶颈问题。新近施行的《民事诉讼法修正案》第40条对其作出了最新的修正,包括缩减适用范围、合理限定程序事由、规定使用次数等。但本次修法仍存在较大局限性,如对实体事由修正不彻底、未有效限制自由裁量权、对发回重审的裁定格式及拘束力未明确等。重新审视该制度并对之进行改良,可从明确规定法定事由、充分尊重当事人主体地位、增加救济程序以及明确发回重审裁定的格式及拘束力等方面加以探索。

The Re-examination of the Second Instance Remanding Retrial System in Civil Litigation——The Comment on the Fortieth Amendment to Civil Procedure Law

The remanding retrial of second instance system is an important part of civil litigation procedure.In judicial practice,the implementation of this system cause many system bottleneck problems like wasting judicial resources,increasing the cost of litigation and conflicts between different courts’organization management.The 40th Amendment to the Civil Procedure Law makes a newest provision for this system,including reducing the scope of application,defining procedure reason reasonably,limiting the number of using,etc.But,there are still some limitations in this amendment.For example,the entity for correction and the limitation of discretion are not complete,and the format and binding force of the retrial rules are not clear and definite.In view of this,it could be improved from clearly defining legal reasons,fully respecting the subject position of the parties,enhancing relief program and clearing the format and binding force of the retrial rule.