当前阶段我国农村劳动力永久性迁移问题

如何实现农村劳动力永久性迁移、结束"两种城市化"的对立,一直是困扰我国城乡协调发展的重要问题。结合我国当前农村劳动力非永久性迁移的状况、影响我国未来农村劳动力转移的基础因素、当前阶段我国促进劳动力永久性迁移的户籍政策效果以及政策建议等四个方面对此问题进行了研究。研究发现:随着我国经济向高质量发展转变,影响劳动力转移的基础因素发生了改变并对未来我国劳动力转移和农村劳动力永久性迁移产生了较大影响;当前我国已经开始部分放开户籍管理制度,这将对未来农村劳动力永久性迁移产生积极影响,省会城市及部分地级市、新生代农民工及在校大学生等将是主要受益者;然而,不能寄希望于通过放宽户籍制度大规模促进新增农村劳动力转移,同时要特别防止部分城市希望通过吸引外来人口来促进房地产行业发展的倾向。

A Study of the Permanent Migration of Rural Labor in Current China

How to realize the permanent migration of rural labor and end the opposition of "two kinds of urbanization" has always been an important issue that besets the coordinated development of urban and rural areas in China. This issue was studied from the following four aspects, i.e., the current situation of the non-permanent migration of rural labor in China, the basic factors affecting the future transfer of rural labors in China, the analysis of the effect of China’s household registration policy to promote the permanent migration of labor, and its policy recommendations, etc. The study found that as China’s economy shifts to high-quality development, the basic factors of labor transfer have changed. Changes in these factors have a greater impact on China’s future labor migration and permanent migration of rural labor. At present, China has begun to liberalize the household registration management system, which will have a positive impact on the permanent migration of rural labor in the future. Provincial capital cities and some prefecture-level cities, new-generation migrant workers and college students as well will be the main beneficiaries. However, we cannot place hopes on the large-scale promotion of the transfer of the new rural labor force through the relaxation of the household registration system. At the same time, we must specifically prevent the tendency of some cities to promote the development of the real estate industry by attracting migrant labor.