自动化行政方式下的行政处罚:挑战与回应

基于行政处罚的负担行政属性,部分自动化是现阶段自动化行政处罚的主流形态。自动化行政方式的高效可能导致处罚密度失衡,需要建立处罚标准动态调整机制予以平衡。在自动化行政时代,需要坚持和发展正当程序原则,以解决在程序与证据方面面临的挑战。自动化行政对于数据的依赖与行政处罚中的数据特殊限制形成了悖论,应当通过将数据纳入公物法规制与扩张个人数据权利等方式,完善数据法治。在责任方面,自动化行政处罚错误时的责任主体仍然是行政主体,归责原则应当采用无过错责任原则。

Administrative Penalty under Automated Administration: Challenges and Responses

Because of the burden nature of administrative penalty, partial automation is the mainstream form of the automated administrative penalty in current stage. The high efficiency of automated administration may lead to the imbalance in the punishment density, which needs to be rebalanced by establishing the dynamic adjustment mechanism of punishment standard. In the era of automated administration, we need to adhere to and develop the principle of due process in order to solve the challenges concerning process and evidence. There is a paradox between the dependence of automated administration on data and the special restriction of data in administrative penalty, so we should improve the rule of law on the data by including data into the public property law and expanding the personal data right. In terms of responsibility, the subject is still the administrative organ when the automated administrative penalty is wrong, and the principle of liability without fault should be adopted.