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Debunking the myth of a “Traditional” gender gap in the electoral support for Silvio Berlusconi in Italy (1994–2013)
Institution:1. Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy;2. Scuola Superiore Sant''Anna, Pisa, Italy;3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy;4. Dipartimento di Emergenza, Ospedale Civile Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo di Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy;5. Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy;6. QualiMedLab, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del CNR, Pisa, Italy;7. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
Abstract:Despite increasing gender realignment in voting behavior of most Western democracies, women are usually believed to have disproportionally supported Silvio Berlusconi's right-wing party in Italy. Using a pooled dataset based on six post-election surveys (one for each general election between 1994 and 2013), we find only spurious evidence for such a traditional gender gap in voting. Going beyond a mere “gender gap” approach, we then look for possible intra-gender differentiation. We find that housewives tend to present those attitudes – voting for the center-right, more leader-oriented –, which were traditionally imputed to “women”. Showing the importance of this “intra-gender occupational gap”, we conclude that heterogeneity among women should be taken more seriously by research that combines gender and electoral studies.
Keywords:Gender  Occupational status  Italian elections  Vote choice  Leader approval  Interaction models
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