西南喀斯特地区生态补偿制度研究

自然、经济和社会以及生态环境建设的政策缺陷等多种因素的相互作用,导致西南喀斯特地区的生态环境破坏严重,森林资源锐减,水土流失加剧,石漠化扩大,影响了西南喀斯特地区的生存发展安全,也对长江、珠江等河流的中下游地区的经济社会发展构成了严重的威胁。目前,天然林保护、退耕还林等工程实施的补偿政策一定程度上改善了该地区的生态环境,但仍存在不少问题。应开征生态税,实行生态转移支付,以改善西南喀斯特地区持续恶化的生态环境。

On Ecological Compensation System in Karst Area in Southwest China

The interaction of natural, economic and social factors with policy defects in ecological environment construction has resulted in severe damage to ecological environment, decrease in forest reserves, aggravation of soil erosion and expansion of rock desertification in karst area in southwest China. This impairs the subsistence and development security of the region and also seriously imperils the economic and social development in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. Currently, compensation policy under programs such as natural forest protection and grain for green has, to some extent, improved ecological environment in the region, but there are still plenty of problems. In order to improve the worsening ecological environment, it is necessary to levy ecological tax and exercise ecological transfer payment.