“警察”、“警务”与“公安”的概念及其关系

警察是一个历史范畴。从政治国家的角度看,警察是阶级统治的暴力工具;站在市民社会的视角,警察又是一种职业,其工作目标是社会秩序和公共安全。警察的内涵与外延十分丰富。它集文明道德的塑造者,法治规则的信守者,正当秩序的维护者,权力运行的护航者和社会正义的完善者等多重社会角色于一身。在我国,"警察"一度是"公安"的同义语,而新时期的"公安"内涵多指公共安全以及社会治安,是公民对良序社会的一种理想期待。现代警察仍是公共安全的重要支撑,但显然"公安"再不能指望由警察一种力量包揽。警察通过警务的运行来支撑与保障"公安",警务既反映警察的历史又回应现实社会的需要。警务特征因时代与制度的不同而体现差异。融入社会、公开评估应该是新时代警务的显著特征。

On the Concept and Relation between “Police”, “Policing” and “Public Security”

Police is a historical category. It is a violent tool for class ruling from the perspective of political state; it is also a profession from the perspective of civil society, whose objective is to attain social order and public security. The connotations and denotations of police are abundant, integrating various social roles such as the maker of civilized morals, the keeper of legal rules and legitimate order, implementer of convoying power implementation, and perfecting social justice into one concept. In China, ＂Gong＇an＂ used to be named as police, while in the new era, ＂Gong＇an＂ normally means public security and social order, which is an ideal expectation of the citizens for a well-ordered society. Modern police is still an important supporter for public security, which, however, is not attained by the police alone. ＂Gong＇an＂ is supported and kept by policing service. policing is the reflection of police history and response of present social needs. Policing characteristics vary according to different times and systems. The striking characteristics of policing in the new era should be public evaluation.