试论行政处罚证据制度

行政处罚证据是一类不同于其它证据制度的证据。当场行政处罚应当采用以事实为根据和排除滥用职权的证明标准 ;行政机关工作人员看见或感知了违法事实全过程但不当场处罚的案件 ,应当采用以事实为根据和排除合理怀疑的证明标准 ;非当场行政处罚 ,应当采用以证据为根据和排除合理怀疑的证明标准。由于以事实为根据标准的采用 ,要求在行政诉讼中对行政机关认定事实采取尊重的态度。行政处罚证据收集应当在行政处罚决定作出以前 ,作出决定之后收集证据意义不大 ;行政处罚应当采用非法证据排除规则、直接言词证据和案卷排他性原则等规则

On the Evidence System in Administrative Punishment

Witness standard of administrative punishment is different from others. Different administrative punishment should adopt different doctrine, such as "objective truth doctrine", "legal truth doctrine","exclusion of misused duty"and "exclusion of reasonable doubt". Because of adoption of "objective truth doctrine" in some cases, the court should respect the consideration of executive agency. Collecting of evidence must be finished before decision of punishment. Rules on exclusion of evidence, directing spoken evidence and punishing according to records and document should be established.