论地方事务设定的合法性要件

针对地方事务的初次分配(设定),长期由国务院等中央行政机关负责的实践传统不能取代有限制性规定的现行法律。按照这些合法性要件,在设定主体上,全国人大及其常委会和经授权的国务院有权设定地方事务。同时,为适应综合治理的需求,1985年关于经济体制改革的授权决定应及时增补其他领域。在规范形式上,只有宪法、法律与依行政法规程序制定的暂行规定或条例可以胜任;并且要以宪法为依据,以法律为主体,提高人大立法的比重,控制授权立法。在制修程序上,代表团得充分行使提案权,为地方事务的设定发声;“中央和地方协商办事”的治理原则须转化为法定程序,以便地方意见的收集。

On the Legitimate Requirements of Establishing Local Affairs

For the initial allocation(establishment)of local affairs,the tradition of practice,long held by the State Council and other central administrative organs,cannot replace the existing laws with restrictive provisions.According to these legitimate requirements,on the entities of establishment,the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee and the authorized State Council have the power to establish local affairs.At the same time,in order to meet the needs of comprehensive governance,the authorization decision on economic system reform in 1985 should timely be supplemented with other areas.On the forms of codes,only the Constitution,laws,and provisional rules or regulations formulated through the procedures of regulations can be qualified.It should be based on the Constitution and mainly depend on laws.The proportion of the legislation of the National People’s Congress shall be raised and the authorized legislation shall be controlled.On the procedures of formulation and modification,the delegation group must fully exercise the right of the proposal and make a voice on the establishment of local affairs;The governance principle of“central and local authorities processing under negotiation”must be transferred into legal procedures for the collection of local opinions.