论辩护律师的法庭地位——以律师与法官的关系为视角

有关辩护律师法庭地位的理论学说,大体可归纳为辩护人系司法机关、辩护人系当事人的利益代理人和辩护人系限制的司法机关三种类型。我国对辩护律师法庭地位认识的变化,总体上经历了从司法机关理论到当事人利益代理人理论的转变过程。综合考虑我国对律师的管理及定位、我国刑事司法对实体真实主义的追求、刑事审判模式的职权主义传统及未来的改革走向等因素,我国刑事审判程序中辩护人的地位宜建立在限制的司法机关之理论基础上。

The Status of A Defense Counsel in Court: The Perspective from the Relationship between Lawyers and Judges

The theoretical doctrine of a defense counsel’s status in court can be summarized as three types:the defender is a judicial organ,the defender is an agent advocating the party’s interests,and the defender is a restricted judicial organ.In terms of understanding the status of a defense counsel,China has generally gone through a transformation from the theory of judicial organ to the theory of an agent advocating the party’s interests.Considering the Chinese Communist Party’s leading and arrangements on lawyers,the pursuit of substantive justice in Chinese criminal justice,the inquisitorial tradition on criminal trial mode,the reform trend in future and so on,the defense counsel’s status in Chinese criminal court should be built upon the theory of restricted judicial organ.