国际惩治战争犯罪历史的研究——从日内瓦法到《国际刑事法院规约》及未来趋势

四个《日内瓦公约》及其两个附加议定书，为惩治战争犯罪罪刑法定原则的实现，奠定了良好的法律基础。前南法庭规约对国际惩治战争犯罪的发展具有巨大推动作用，但该规约规定国际法庭应优于各国国内法院，超出了国际社会的现实可能性，削弱了法庭的意义。《国际刑事法院规约》是国际惩治战争犯罪的最新发展，在吸收刑法原则、改进管辖权及触发机制等方面取得了显著进展，但《国际刑事法院规约》仍含有理想主义成分，在处理与联合国安理会的关系上也尚待改进。国际惩治战争犯罪的发展史反映出规范审判组织、增强强制性和优先发展个人犯罪惩治的趋势

Study on the History of International Punishment against the Crimes of Wars From the Geneva Law to the International Criminal Court Statute and Its Developing Trend

In the history of international punishment against the crimes of wars, the four Geneva Conventions and its two additional Protocols have had the great significance to lay a good legal foundation for the enforcement of the principle of a prescribed punishment against a specific crime. The statute of the former Yugoslavia tribunal gave a great impetus to the development of the punishment against the crimes. The statute stipulates that the international tribunal is superior to internal courts, which goes beyond the realistic possibility of the international society and has weakened the significance of the tribunal. The International Criminal Court Statute is the latest development of international punishment against the crimes of wars. This statute has made a great step in absorbing principles of criminal law, improving jurisdiction and trigger mechanism,etc.,though it still includes a sort of idealism and needs improving in handling the relationship with the Security Council of the U.N. The history of international punishment against the crimes of wars reflects the trends of standardizing judicial bodies, strengthening compulsiveness and precedingly developing the punishment against individual crimes.