“卡迪”模式与刑事公正司法的实现

从“有法必依”到“公正司法”喻示着一种刑事司法观的应然转变:放松了司法者对法律文本本身严格服从的要求,更加强调文本之外的个案公正、合情理等实质合理性依据。这对破解当下具有普遍性的法条主义裁判思维,无疑是一种很好的政策支持和启发。按照罪刑法定原则本意进行合乎逻辑的推演,绝不能推导出“法有明文规定即可定罪处罚”的结论。韦伯关于中国古代司法系“卡迪”模式(即“非理性”)的论断具有一定的事实依据及合理性,这种卡迪模式对实质公正的追求具有目的正当性,不宜将此简单视为“恣意司法”的代名词,其中体现的能动性判断具有司法出罪维度的意义。在目前刑法体系下,法的公正价值与法的安定性并不存在冲突,出罪的理论依据与规范依据完全可以得到恰当融合,但在法适用中需要缓和法的命令性要求。恰当的说理论证是嫁接法的安定性与个案公正的纽带,该过程实际上是将合情理、合目的等价值考量揉入刑法文本的理解、适用及说理论证过程当中。

The“Khadi”Model and the Realization of Criminal Fair Justice

From the principle that“the laws must be obeyed”to the emphasis of“fair justice”,it implies a change of the criminal justice concept that should be made:to relax the requirement for the judiciary to strictly obey the legal text,but to emphasize the substantial rationality basis such as the individual justice and reasonable conformance beyond the text.Undoubtedly,this change provides great policy support and inspiration to crack the current common judicial thinking of legalism.The logical deduction according to the original intention of the principle of legality should not lead to the conclusion that“the law has clear provisions that can be convicted and punished”.Weber's argument about the“Khadi”model of the ancient Chinese judicial system,namely“irrationality”,has certain factual basis and rationality.Specifically speaking,this kind of“Khadi justice”has legitimacy on its pursuit of substantive justice,so it is not suitable to regard“Khadi justice”as“arbitrary justice”.The judgment of judicial activism embodied in it has significance on the dimension of judicial decriminalization.Under the current criminal law system,there is no conflict between the justice value and the stability of the law.The theoretical and normative basis of decriminalization can be properly integrated.However,in the application of the law,it is necessary to mitigate the imperative requirements of the law.The proper argumentation is the link between the stability of law and the individual justice.In fact,this process involves the consideration of value,such as reasonableness and purpose,into the interpretation of criminal law texts.