近代英国警察制度历史发展的新阐释——以国会立法为视角

近代英国警察制度是在工业革命的社会背景下,通过国会立法的形式逐步建立和完善起来,经历了从无到有、从点到面、从低层次到高层次三个发展阶段。1829年,英国国会颁布《都市警察法》,规定在伦敦组建职业警察,实现了近代警察从无到有的历史性突破;1856年,国会颁布《郡市警察法》,要求各地方政府建立职业警察机关,将新型警察制度从伦敦推向全国;1919年,国会又制定《警察法》,对全国警察实行标准化管理,通过提高工资待遇和调整内部关系,提升了警察的社会地位,标志着英国警察从普通的职业化向更高层次的专业化方向迈进。通过对上述三部警察法的历史研究,不仅可以探寻到近代英国警察制度发展的基本脉络,而且可以带给我们诸多启示,其制度设计中所蕴含的以民为本、以法为治的现代思想,对于中国警察谋求未来发展具有重要借鉴意义。

New Interpretations of the Historical Development of Modern British Police System

The Modern British Police System was set up under the background of Industrial Revolution by way of parliament legislation.It underwent three stages in the whole process each of which began with a parliament act.At the first stage,the 1829 Metropolitan Police Act founded the first modern police in London with the characteristics of democracy and nomocracy.At the second stage,the 1856 County and Borough Police Act popularized the modern police system from London to all over the country.At the third stage,the...