民事特别权利能力限制性分析——以人格与权利能力的比较为展开

人格之有无是民事主体是否能成为主体的最本质规定性，是一种事实层面之判断。然而，权利能力是在主体享有人格之后能够享有何种权利，承担何种义务的一种能力或资格，是一种价值层面之判断。基于事实判断与价值判断二者的判然有别，将人格和权利能力的分离是有必要价值意义的。而一般民事权利能力是民事主体在法律上能够享有必不可少之权利和承担必不可少之义务之资格；特别民事权利能力是民事主体能够享有某种个别的或特定的权利义务的资格或能力。然此种特别的民事权利能力的要求相当于对主体权利能力的限制性规定，对此种特别民事权利能力的限制，其价值就在于更加充分的对市民社会生活中各方主体利益的维护和尊敬，并亦科学的明晰民事主体权利能力的内涵，为我国将来制定科学的民法典起基石作用。

Restrictive Analysis on special Capacity for Civil Rights——From the Perspective of comparison between Personality and Legal capacity

Having personality or not is an essential stipulation toa civil subject as a real one, which is aslo a judgement on factual level. As a judgement on value level, however, legal capacity refers to a capacity or qualification which involves the rights and obligations the subject performs after his or her possesion of personality. Since the significant differences between factual level and value level, it is necessary to separate personality from legal capacity. General capacity for civil rights is a qualification which involves the necessary rights and obligations the civil subject performs legally; while special capacity for civil rights is a qualification or capacity which involves the individual or special rights and obligations. For legal capacity of the subject, the requirement of this special capacity for civil rights is the equivalence of restrictions, whose value is sufficiently maintaining and respecting the principle interest of all parties in civil society, scientifically clarifying the connotation of legal capacity of the civil subject and playing a fundamental role in enactment of scientific civil code of our country in future.