战后日本森林资源变化中政府的影响

日本虽然自然资源贫乏,但森林资源的覆盖率却远远高出世界平均水平。然而,历史上,日本的森林资源也曾经遭到过严重的破坏,二战的战前动员和战时采伐曾一度使森林覆盖率急剧下降。不过,在战后短短的几十年时间里,日本的森林覆盖率就得到了迅速的回升。根据对后发国家现代化进程的研究,一般的规律是,后发国家经济迅速发展的同时往往伴随着自然资源和环境的破坏。但是,日本的情况却似乎有悖这一规律,战后日本经济的高速增长伴随的是森林资源的恢复和发展。那么,如何去理解日本出现的这一现象,战后日本政府采取了哪些措施促进了森林资源的变化发展,政府的这些政策又与战后日本的国家发展战略有怎样的联系,与战后国际分工体系又有怎样的联系。试图对这些问题做出初步的回答。

The Effect of Government Policy on the Forest Resources in Post-War Japan

As is well known, Japan is a country with few natural resources. But an outstanding fact is that 70% of the land in Japan is now covered with forest, which is a much higher level than the world average level. Historically, Japan was rich in forest resources. However, the World War II devastated natural resources. After the war, Japan experienced high-speed economic development. In contrary to other countries, the forest level in Japan constantly rose during this period and continued afterwards. How did Japan balance the relationship between economic development and natural resources, specifically the forest? The first section gives a general view on how Japan's forest resources were developed from the end of the World War II. The second section analyzes what measures the Japanese government took to promote reforestation. And then the third section explores how the status of Japan in post-war international political economy influences the government policies.