刑事立法模式的宪法考察

现行刑事立法采取了将所有犯罪规定在一部刑法典中的模式，没有在行政法、经济法等法律中直接规定构成要件与法定刑，导致刑法典中出现大量的绝对空白刑法规范与相对空白刑法规范，并且形成了自然犯与法定犯一体化的立法体例。法律保留原则、明确性原则与比例原则是宪法原则；绝对空白刑法规范违反了法律保留原则，相对空白刑法规范不符合明确性原则；自然犯与法定犯一体化的立法体例不符合比例原则。只有改变现行刑事立法模式，在行政法、经济法等法律中直接规定相关犯罪的构成要件与法定刑，在刑法典中仅规定自然犯，才能使刑事立法模式与宪法相协调。

A Constitutional Review of the Criminal Legislation Model

Currently, our criminal legislation has adopted the criminal code model, all the crimes have been prescribed into the Criminal Law and no direct crime constitutive elements and statutory punishment have been prescribed in other laws like the Administrative Law and the Economic Law. This has given rise to a lot of absolute blank criminal regulations and relevant blank criminal regulations in the Criminal Law, and has formed the legislation system of the integration of natural crimes and statutory crimes. The principle of legal reservation, the principle of explicitness and the principle of proportionality are all constitutional principles. However, absolute blank criminal regulations violate the principle of legal reservation;relevant blank criminal regulations are not in accordance with the principle of explicitness;and the integration of natural crimes and statutory crimes do not coincide with the principle of proportionality. Only changing the current criminal legislation model, prescribing direct crime constitutive elements and statutory punishment in the Administrative Law, the Economic Law and other laws, only regulating natural crimes in the Criminal Law, can make the criminal legislation mode consistent with the Constitutional Law.