强制性支出责任与地方财政自主权

《宪法》和《预算法》赋予了地方政府一定的财政自主权。以此为基础,地方政府通过调整支出结构、提高支出效率,为地方居民提供符合本行政区域实际情况的公共品与服务,并调控经济运行状况。分税制改革减少了地方的财政自主权,从而导致地方支出效率的降低。法律和中央政府为地方政府设定强制性支出责任,旨在遏制因地方支出效率降低产生的公共支出结构扭曲和区域间支出水平差异等状况。但是,强制性支出责任在客观上却进一步降低了地方的财政自主权,从而陷入新的恶性循环。赋予地方政府充分的财政自主权,是优化地方支出结构、提高地方支出效率的基础性制度依赖;强制性支出责任仅具有辅助性功能。两者不能本末倒置。

On Mandatory Expenditure Liabilities and Local Fiscal Autonomy

The Constitution and the Budget Law have authorized local governments certain fiscal autonomy. By means of adjusting the expenditure structure and promoting the expenditure efficiency, local governments can provide appropriate public goods and services for the residents and control the economic operation. However, the tax distribution reform lessened the local fiscal autonomy and declined the expenditure efficiency. The mandatory expenditure obligations imposed by laws and central government on local govern...