从《老子想尔注》看神仙思想的宗教理论化

《老子想尔注》是早期道教经典，它通过对老子哲学的神学改造，初步确立了道教的理论体系。长期以来，研究多侧重于《道德经》与《想尔注》的对比，以说明道家思想向道教的转化，但却忽略了从老子到《想尔注》期间若干历史的与逻辑的发展环节，尤其忽略了从战国、秦汉之际到汉末神仙思想发生、发展这一大的理论与社会背景。道教的产生，在一定程度上是神仙信仰宗教哲学化的必然结果。《想尔注》借老子哲学实现了对神仙思想的宗教理论化，从而把神仙思想纳入宗教的理论体系，使之与原始宗教和世俗迷信区别开来。本试从这一新角度，说明《想尔注》的道教理论创建。

An Outlook on Religious Theorization of Supernatural Beings' Thought in Laozi Xiang'erzhu

Laozi Xiang Er Zhu is an earlier Taoist classic which established preliminarily the theoretical system of Taoism through a theological reform of Laozi's philosophy. To illustrate the conversion from the thought of Taoist school to Taoism, researchers have been focusing more on the comparison of Daodejing and Xiang Er Zhu while neglecting some historical and logical development links from Lao Zi to Xiang Er Zhu, especially the theoretical and social background in which the thought of supernatural beings was created and developed from Zhanguo and Qin Dynasty to the end of Han Dynasty. Taoism is, to some extent, aninevitable outcome of the supernatural beings'turning religions into philosophy. With Laozi'sphilosophy, Xiang Er Zhu realized the theorization of supernatural beings' thought and thereby incorporated their thought into religious system in order to separate primitive religion from secular superstition.From this new angle, this paper demonstrates the theoretical achievement of Xiang Er Zhu in Taoism.