刑事司法中的“习惯”问题研究

在刑事司法实践中,司法习惯是一种普遍的司法现象,法律理解和操作上的习惯成为司法职业者实际遵循的规则。正确的刑事司法习惯一般对司法活动具有稳定性、司法行为结果的可预见性、司法处理方式和结果的一致性、减轻司法负担等几方面功能。然而,在我国存在大量与法律冲突,或表面上合符法律的规定实质上违背了立法原意,或虽符合法理但法律又无相关规定的背离或超越法律的错误和瑕疵习惯。纠正错误或瑕疵习惯需要采取建立完善相应制度,培养和树立法治观念,创造条件改善刑事司法环境,形成职业法律家群体等措施。

A Study on "Customs" in Criminal Justice

In the criminal justice system,it is a common phenomenon that people follow judicial customs while they construe and invoke laws.Properly following customs is surely conducive to the certainty,predictability,consistency and efficiency of criminal adjudication and therefore can alleviate the burdens imposed on a criminal justice system.Unfortunately,in China,one can easily find some judicial customs that either contradict law,or seemingly conform with but actually go against legislative intents,or are theoretically established but without enactments to support them.In order to discard these malpractices,we must complete the criminal justice system,entrench the notion of nomocracy,endeavor to improve the relevant environment and cultivate a body of jurists.