程颐“理欲之辨”浅析

理欲之辨是中国思想史上的古老命题。程颐承认“人欲”的客观存在，但反对过分的欲望。他认为“人欲”出于“私心”，“天理”出于“道心”，二者不可并存，因此提出“损人欲以复天理”。戴震的一句“以理杀人”为这个被后世非难最多的主张盖棺论定。“存理灭欲”一方面是个人的情感意念从世俗环境中超拔的净化过程，表现出理学道德的纯洁和崇高；另一方面被统治者利用后，被理解为对自然情欲的谴责和对道德教条的屈从，从而大大削弱了理学的道德价值。

Analysis on the "Argument on Social Rules and Man's Desire" Made by Cheng Yi

The argument on social rules and man＇ s desire has been an old issue in the history of Chinese thoughts. Cheng Yi agreed that＂man＇s desire＇indeed existed, but he opposed to excessive desire. According to Cheng Yi, ＂man＇s desire＇was from ＂se~sh desire＂ ,while＂natural moralism＂was from ＂ethics＂, and the two items could not coexist. Thus he put forward the idea, ＂Man＇s desire should be restrained to fulfill natural moralism. ＂This argument has been long and most criticized by people over the following ages,and was summarized by Dai Zhen as＂To kill people in the name of natural moralism.＂On the one hand,the idea, ＂restraining man＇s desire to fulfill natural moralism＂was the process in which individual＇s emotions and ideas got purified in common customs, presenting the purity and nobility of ethical morltiy;on the other hand, when used as a tool by rulers, the idea would be understood as the blame to natural desires and surrendering to moral doctrines, badly weakening moral value of ethics.