钒对肉鸡免疫器官发育的影响

取1日龄AA肉仔鸡144只,随机分为对照组和试验组,在试验组鸡的基础日粮中按0、30 mg／kg添加钒。试验期共42 d,每周末从每组取鸡6只,称重后扑杀,取胸腺、腔上囊和脾称重, Bouin液固定,制作石蜡切片,观察、摄像,研究钒对肉鸡胸腺、腔上囊和脾等免疫器官质量、器官指数和组织结构发育的影响。结果显示,试验组鸡的胸腺、腔上囊和脾平均质量和器官指数显著或极显著高于同日龄对照组(P<0．05或P<0．01);试验组鸡的胸腺小叶皮质增厚,胸腺小体增多;腔上囊皱襞发达,腔上囊淋巴滤泡体积较大、皮质较厚、退化延缓;脾小结体积较大、生发中心明显,动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚,椭球增大。结果表明,在肉雏鸡的日粮中添加钒30 mg／kg,可促进胸腺、腔上囊和脾的发育,延缓腔上囊的退化。

Effects of vanadium on development of immune organs in broilers

A total of 144 one day-old AA chickens were divided randomly into control and experiment groups, and fed on the basal diet supplemented with 0 or 30 mg/kg of vanadium for 42 days. Six chickens in each group were slaughtered after weighing at each weekend. Thymus, cloacal bursa and spleen were obtained, weighed, fixed in Bouin liquid, made into paraffin section and observed by microscope, and the effects of vanadium on average mass of the immune organ, organ index and histo-structure were studied. Compared with the control group, the average mass of immune organ and index in the experiment group increased significantly(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). In experiment group, the thymic lobule cortex thickened, the numbers of thymus corpuscles increased, the plica of cloacal bursa developed well, the bursa nodule in cloacal bursa augmented and the cortex of it was thicker. The changes of cloacal bursa structure indicated that its degeneration were retarded; the splenic corpuscle in spleen were larger and the germinal center of it were obvious, the periarterial lymphatic sheaths were thicker and the sheathed capillary were bigger. The results showed that the basal diet supplemented 30 mg/kg of vanadium could promote the development of thymus, cloacal bursa and spleen in broilers, and could retard the degeneration of cloacal bursa.