突发事件中公共产品的需求与供给

应急管理是突发事件中各参与主体在政府主导下实现公共产品有效供给的过程。突发事件打破了系统内部资源与外部环境之间的平衡,改变了系统的价值分配模式,使公共产品呈现"高需求、低供给"的非常状态,这决定了突发事件中公共产品具有时间属性、空间属性、层次属性和权利属性。突发事件改变了人们的需求层次,不同的需求层次要求不同形态的公共产品供给。在突发事件的各个阶段,需要不同形态的公共产品;但具体到某一特定阶段,某种形态的公共产品需求会占主导。由于突发事件中公共产品需求的多变性和形态的多样性,公共产品供给必须以政府为主导,社会组织、企业和公民等有效参与、协调合作,以建立公共产品的多元供给模式。

On the Demand and Supply of Public Goods in Emergencies

Emergency management is a government-dominated process of involved parties fulfilling the effective supply of public goods in tackling emergencies.Emergencies upset the balance between the internal resources and external environments in the system,and alter the corresponding mode of value distribution,rendering the public goods in emergencies in the abnormal state of "high demand and low supply",which defines the time,space,hierarchy and right attributes of the public goods.Emergencies change the hierarchy of needs,the variation of which requires different forms of public goods supply.Despite different forms of public goods provided during different stages of emergencies,some forms of public goods will dominate at a specific stage.Consequently,the diversity and variety of forms and attributes of public goods in emergencies demand the establishment of a multi-supply mode with the dominance of the government,and the active participation and coordination among social organizations,enterprises and citizens.